The Royal Road was an ancient highway, part of the Silk Road and the Uttara Path built in ancient South Asia and Central Asia, reorganized and rebuilt by the Persian king Darius the Great (Darius I) of the first (Achaemenid) Persian Empire in the 5th century BCE. Darius built the road to facilitate rapid communication throughout his very large empire from Susa to Sardis. Mounted couriers of the Angarium could travel 1677 miles (2699 km) in seven days; the journey from Susa to Sardis took ninety days on foot. The Greek historian Herodotus wrote, "There is nothing in the world that travels faster than these Persian couriers." Herodotus's praise for these messengers--"Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds"-- was inscribed on the James Farley Post Office in New York and is sometimes thought of as the United States Postal Service creed.
Video Royal Road
Course of the Royal Road
The course of the road has been reconstructed from the writings of Herodotus, archeological research, and other historical records. It began in Asia Minor (on the Aegean coast of Lydia, about 60 miles east of ?zmir in present-day Turkey), traveled east through what is now the middle northern section of Turkey (crossing the Halys according to Herodotus), and passed through the Cilician Gates to the old Assyrian capital Nineveh (present-day Mosul, Iraq), then turned south to Babylon (near present-day Baghdad, Iraq). From near Babylon, it is believed to have split into two routes, one traveling northeast then east through Ecbatana (in present-day Iran) and on along the Silk Road, the other continuing east through the future Persian capital Susa (in present-day Iran) and then southeast to Persepolis. Of course, such long routes for travellers and tradesmen would often take months on end, and during the reign of Darius the Great numerous royal outposts (Caravanserai) were built.
Maps Royal Road
History of the Royal Road
Because the road did not follow the shortest nor the easiest route between the important cities of the Persian Empire, archeologists believe the westernmost sections of the road may have originally been built by the Assyrian kings, as the road plunges through the heart of their old empire. More eastern segments of the road, identifiable in present-day northern Iran, were not noted by Herodotus, whose view of Persia was that of an Ionian Greek in the West; stretches of the Royal Road across the central plateau of Iran are coincident with the major trade route known as the Silk Road. This route was used by couriers to deliver messages to the Persian capital.
However, Darius I improved the existing road network into the Royal Road as it is recognized today. A later improvement by the Romans of a road bed with a hard-packed gravelled surface of 6.25 m width held within a stone curbing was found in a stretch near Gordium and connecting the parts together in a unified whole stretching some 1677 miles, primarily as a post road, with a hundred and eleven posting stations maintained with a supply of fresh horses, a quick mode of communication using relays of swift mounted messengers, the kingdom's pirradazis.
The construction of the road as improved by Darius was of such quality that the road continued to be used until Roman times. A bridge at Diyarbak?r, Turkey, still stands from this period of the road's use. The road also helped Persia increase long-distance trade, which reached its peak during the time of Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon).
In 1961, under a grant from the American Philosophical Society, S. F. Starr traced the stretch of road from Gordium to Sardis, identifying river crossings by ancient bridge abutments.
A metaphorical "Royal Road" in famous quotations
Euclid is said to have replied to King Ptolemy's request for an easier way of learning mathematics that "there is no Royal Road to geometry," according to Proclus.
Charles Sanders Peirce, in his How to Make Our Ideas Clear (1878), says, "There is no royal road to logic, and really valuable ideas can only be had at the price of close attention." This essay was claimed by William James as instrumental in the foundation of the philosophical school of pragmatism.
Sigmund Freud famously described dreams as the "royal road to the unconscious" ("Via regia zur Kenntnis des Unbewußten").
Karl Marx wrote in the 1872 Preface to the French Edition of Das Kapital (Volume 1), "There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of its steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits."
The Royal Road to Romance (1925) is the first book by Richard Halliburton, covering his world travels as a young man from Andorra to Angkor.
See also
- Chapar Khaneh
- Persian Corridor
- Baghdad Railway
- Trans-Iranian Railway
- History of Iran
- Achaemenid Empire
- El Camino Real (California)
- Via Regia (Germany)
- Angarum
- Angaria (Roman law)
Notes
References
- Lockard, Craig A. Societies, Networks, and Transitions, A Global History. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008.
- "The Persian Royal Road". Livius: Articles on Ancient History. Retrieved February 16, 2005.
- "The Royal Road". The History of Iran on Iran Chamber Society. Retrieved May 5, 2006.
- "The Persian Royal Mail (archived)". Rivers From Eden. Archived from the original on February 16, 2014. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments